Heat exchangers are key components in many processes in the wastewater, anaerobic digestion and waste treatment sectors, including heating, pasteurisation and evaporation. They come in many forms, from the simplest plate heat exchangers to corrugated tube-in-tube and scraped surface designs. With so many differences in the composition of sludge, digestate, manure and wastewater streams, choosing the right heat exchanger for the right material and the right process is vital, not only to ensure effective processing and optimum product quality, but also to maximise operational and energy efficiency.